The École Supérieure des Sciences, which gave its first university courses in Mathematics, Physics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Geology, was authorized, by decree no. 73-79/PRN/MEN/JS of 28 June 1973, to award the University Diploma of Scientific Studies (DUES) for the following subjects: Mathematics and Physics (MP), Physics and Chemistry (PC), Biology and Geology (BG).

Decree No. 15-80/PCMS/MEN of May 15, 1975 added to the diplomas awarded by the School of Sciences, the DUES in Chemistry and Biology (CB), the licenses in Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences. At the end of 1978, the DUES of Chemistry, Biology and Geology (CBG) was created.

In 1980, the School of Sciences became a Faculty administered under the authority of the Rector by a Dean and a Faculty Council. Decree No. 019/MES/R/UNI of 22 June 1984 established the organization, functioning and provisions specific to the Faculty of Sciences. It is thus endowed with five departments: Mathematics, Physics, Physics, Chemistry, Chemistry, Biology and Geology, each administered by a Department Council, a Department Head and his Deputy.

By Decree No. 2010-762/PCSRD of 9 December 2010 approving the statutes of the Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey, the Faculty of Sciences became the Faculty of Sciences and Techniques. Since 2007-2008, it has adopted a new teaching system, the LMD (Licence-Master-Doctorate).