In Niger, agriculture remains the main source of human and animal food. It is also a source of job creation and income. The majority of farmers are small producers with a traditional farming system and limited access to agricultural inputs and markets. Indeed, over the last 50 years, Niger has recorded very frequent cereal deficits (one year out of two on average). By way of illustration, the final results of the 2009-2010 campaign revealed a deficit of nearly 120,000 tonnes. In the same year, 20% of the population was identified as being in a situation of severe vulnerability. Even in years of balanced or surplus production, a significant portion of the population is in a situation of varying degrees of food insecurity. Approximately 6 out of 10 households can only cover their food needs for 3 months (PDES, 2012). As a result, agriculture in Niger remains very poor and is regularly subject to climatic hazards. The consequences of this poor performance are, among others, poverty, rural exodus, and food and nutritional insecurity, which are rife structurally. Thus, over the past five years, Niger has experienced three episodes of severe food insecurity while the global acute malnutrition rate remains above the alert threshold (15%). Rural poverty is still very high, with more than 50% of the poor living in rural areas. This poverty is exacerbated by the phenomenon of exploitation of rural populations by groups better connected to the market. To be convinced of this, it is enough to analyze the most hideous manifestations of the impoverishment of populations, such as the sale of crops on the vine, the selling of products that have arrived on the market, loan sharking, the sale of live breeding livestock, the grabbing of agricultural land, etc.