Faced with the magnitude of the challenge to be met, the environmental sector must be perceived as an absolute political priority at the national level and public and private funding must be mobilized at significant levels in the years to come. It is also necessary to define a vision that can mobilize all actors and bring coherence to their hitherto limited or disparate actions. However, the National Environmental and Sustainable Development Policy would be limited in scope if it did not take into account the new context of decentralization, and if it was not accompanied by a change in behavior in a perspective of sustainable development. Finally, it must be a melting pot of commitment and social mobilization of all the active forces of Niger in favor of a healthy environment and better living conditions for the population.