Aquatic wildlife plays an important role in various fields, including ecology, economy, arts and cultures. They are recognized for their significant contribution in maintaining the physiognomy of aquatic ecosystems and other forest galleries. They also represent an important potential for the development of tourism, especially in areas of the river and its tributaries. However, this fauna is subject to several problems related to its conservation, which are, among others, poaching and the reduction of its living space, particularly linked to galloping demography, silting, deforestation, deforestation, recurrent droughts and climate change. This state of affairs leads to conflicts of cohabitation between aquatic fauna and humans. The damage caused to crops, granaries, injuries or the loss of human life push populations to perceive in certain categories of aquatic fauna an economic and social burden that weighs on them. The long-term survival of aquatic wildlife will depend not only on science and technology, but also on solutions that take into account political, economic and social dimensions. The migrations or movements of aquatic fauna can often be transboundary, which requires coordination of actions between countries with shared waters in view of common challenges to the conservation of certain species. Subregional cooperation in order to ensure the conservation of aquatic fauna and their habitats is necessary. In this sense, the Government of Niger has decided to establish a global reference framework capable of allowing the sustainable conservation of aquatic fauna.