The Termit and Tin Toumma National Nature Reserve (RNNTT) was created by decree No. 2012-075/PRN /MH/E/ of 6 March 2012 with an area of approximately 9,700,000 ha which makes it the largest natural reserve so far created in Africa for the conservation of biodiversity. This decree was revised in 2017 under N° MESU/DD/ PRN This reserve was created for the conservation of certain wildlife species threatened with extinction but present in the Termit and Tin Toumma area, in particular the last population of large antelopes (Addax nasomaculatus) Saharan antelopes (Addax nasomaculatus) living in freedom in the world, the Saharan gazelle (Nanger dama dama), the Saharan cheetah (Acynonix jubatus hecki) the Bighorn sheep (Ammotragus Lervia) and many other species of birds and reptiles. Termit and Tin Toumma is a sparsely inhabited desert area but which also has significant socio-economic, cultural and ecological potential (Hamissou, 2015a). Economically, the RNNTT is an area that contains an important oil field.
Culturally, the population of the Termit and Tin Toumma area consists of shepherds from Toubou, Tuareg, Arab, and Fulani who live there in a reserve of nomadism and transhumance conditioned by the double constraint of the need for water and pastures for their livestock. Ecologically, it is a very important area for the conservation of Sahelo-Saharan biodiversity (Hamissou, 2015a). It is a stopover for migratory birds as a Ramsar site and Area of Importance for Bird Conservation
(IBA). Inter-dune depressions and delias, fossil valleys are biotopes that are fairly characteristic of the area and which shelter a significant wildlife population (Hamissou, 2015a).